Turfgrass Insects, Weeds, and Diseases

General Pest Information from Universities:
Ornamental, Tree, and Turf Pest Control Training Manual - University of Arkansas
Pesticide Storage, Safety, and Disposal - University of Arkansas
Common Insect and Disease Pests of Turfgrasses and Ornamentals in Alabama - Auburn University
2009 Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers - Clemson University
2010 Pest Management Guidelines for Commercial Turfgrass - Cornell University
2009 Pest Control Guide for Turfgrass Managers - University of Florida
2010 Turfgrass Pest Control Recommendations for Professionals - University of Georgia
Turf IPM Program for Schools - Turf Maintenance Schedule - Iowa State University
Training Manual for Ornamental and Turf Pest Control - University of Kentucky
Turfgrass Pest Management Manual - North Carolina State University
2010 Pest Control for Professional Turfgrass Managers - North Carolina State University
Developing an Integrated Pest Management Program - Penn State University
Pest Control Recommendations for Lawn and Turf Areas, 2006 - Rutgers University
Turfgrass Disease Updates from University Professors


Turfgrass Insect Pests

Annual Bluegrass Weevil (Listronotus maculicollis)
Ants - Red Imported Fire Ants (Solenopsis invicta)
Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta)
 
Bermudagrass Scale (Odonaspis ruthae)
Billbugs
 Bluegrass Billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus)
 Hunting Billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus)
 Denver Billbug (Sphenophorus cicatristriatus)
 Phoenician Billbug (Sphenophorus phoeniciensis)

Chinch Bugs
 Hairy Chinch Bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus)
 Southern Chinch Bug (Blissus insularis)
 Common Chinch Bug (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus)
Crane Fly (Tipula paludosa)
Cutworms
 Black Cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon)
 Bronzed Cutworm (Nephelodes minians)
 Variegated Cutworm (Peridroma saucia)

Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Fiery Skipper (Hylephila phyleus)
Frit Fly (Oscinella frit)

Greenbug / Aphid (Schizaphis graminum)
Ground Pearls (Margarodes meridionalis and Eumargarodes laingi)

Leafhoppers (Draeculacephala minerva and Deltacephalus sonorus)

Mealybug
 Rhodesgrass Mealybug (Antonina graminis)
 Buffalograss Mealybug (Tridiscus sporoboli)
Mites
 Eriophyid Mites
  Bermudagrass Mite (Eriophyes cynodoniensis)
  Zoysiagrass Mite (Eriophyes zoysiae)
  Buffalograss Mite (Eriophyes slykhuisi)
  Grain Rust Mite (Abacarus hystrix and Aculodes mckenziei)
 Noneriophyid Mites
  Clover Mite (Bryobia praetiosa)
  Banks Grass Mite / Timothy Mite / Date Mite (Oligonychus pratensis)
  Brown Wheat Mite (Petrobia latens)
  Winter Grain Mite / Blue Oat Mite / Pea Mite (Pentheleus major)
Mole Crickets
 Southern Mole Cricket (Scapteriscus borellii)
 Tawny Mole Cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus)
 Short-winged Mole Cricket (Scapteriscus abbreviatus)

Sod Webworms (Crambus spp.)

Two-lined Spittlebugs (Prosapia bicincta)

White Grubs
 Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica)
 May and June Beetles (Phyllophaga species)
 Masked Chafer
  Northern Masked Chafer (Cyclocephala borealis)
  Southern Masked Chafer (Cyclocephala lurida)
 Green June Beetles (Cotinis nitida)
 European Chafer (Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis)
 Asiatic Garden Beetle (Maladera castanea)
 Oriental Beetle (Exomala orientalis)
 Black Turfgrass Ataenius (Ataenius spretulus)

Univerisity Publications:
Insecticide Recommendations for Arkansas - University of Arkansas
Monitoring and Treating Insects and Mites - University of California
IPM - Turfgrass and Insects - University of Missouri
Insect Management in Turf - North Carolina State University
Turfgrass Insect Management - Purdue University
Commercial Turfgrass Insect Control - University of Tennessee


Turfgrass Diseases

Anthracnose Foliar Blight / Basal Rot

Brown Blight
Brown Patch / Large Patch / Rhizoctonia Blight

Copper Spot

Damping Off / Seed Rot
Dollar Spot

Fairy Ring

Gray Leaf Spot / Blast
Gray Snow Mold

Leaf Blotch
Leaf Spot / Melting Out

Necrotic Ring Spot
Net Blotch

Pink Patch
Pink Snow Mold / Microdochium Patch / Fusarium Patch
Powdery Mildew
Pythium Blight / Pythium Root Rot

Red Thread
Rust

Sclerotium Blight / Southern Blight
Slime Mold
Spring Dead Spot
Stripe Smut
Summer Patch

Take-All Patch
Take-All Root Rot / Bermudagrass Decline

White Patch / White Blight

Yellow Patch
Yellow Tuft / Downy Mildew

University Publications:
Arkansas Plant Disease Control Products Guide - University of Arkansas
Chemical Control of Turfgrass Diseases 2010 - University of Kentucky
Reducing the Risk of Resistance to Fungicides Used to Control Diseases of Turfgrasses - University of Kentucky
Destructive Diseases Common on Turfgrasses in Kentucky - University of Kentucky
Diagnosing Common Lawn and Athletic Field Diseases - University of Maryland
Commonly Used Turfgrass Fungicides and the Diseases they are Labeled to Control - University of Massachusetts
Chemical Classes and Modes of Action of Fungicides Registered for Use on Turfgrasses - University of Massachusetts
Tolerance of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue to Low and High Temperature Diseases - University of Massachusetts
Diseases of Warm Season Grasses - North Carolina State University
Diseases of Cool Season Grasses - North Carolina State University
Seasonal Activity of Turfgrass Pathogens - Purdue University


Turfgrass Weeds

Broadleaf Weed List A-Z

Amaranth, Livid (Amaranthus lividus)
Amaranth, Low (Amaranthus deflexus)
Amaranth, Slender (Amaranthus viridus)
Amaranth, Spiny (Amaranthus spinosus)
Asiatic Hawksbeard (Youngia japonica)
Aster, Bushy (Aster dumosus)

Bedstraw, Catchweed (Galium aparine)
Bedstraw, Smooth (Galium mollugo)
Beggarticks, Common / Hairy Beggarticks (Bidens alba)
Beggarweed, Creeping (Desmodium incanum)
Beggarweed, Threeflower (Desmodium triflorum)
Bellflower, Florida (Campanula floridana)
Betony, Florida / Rattlesnake Weed (Stachys floridana)
Bindweed, Field / Morningglory / Creeping Jenny (Convolvulus arvensis)
Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
Bittercress, Hairy (Cardamine hirsuta)
Bitter Sneezeweed (Helenium amarum)
Black Medic (Medicago lupulina)
Burclover, California (Medicago polymorpha)
Burclover, Spotted (Medicago arabica)
Burnut (See Puncturevine)
Burweed, Lawn / Spurweed / Soliva (Soliva pterosperma)
Buttercup, Bulbous (Ranunculus bulbosus)
Buttercup, Creeping (Ranunculus repens)
Buttercup, Hairy (Ranunculus sardous)
Buttercup, Smallflower (Ranunculus abortivus)
Buttonweed, Bushy (Spermacoce assurgens)
Buttonweed, Common / Poorjoe (Diodia teres)
Buttonweed, Virginia (Diodia virginiana)

Carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata)
Carrot, Wild / Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota)
Catsear, Common / Spotted Catsear / False Dandelion (Hypochoeris radicata)
Chamberbitter (Phyllanthus urinaria)
Cheeseweed (See Mallow, Little)
Chickweed, Common (Stellaria media)
Chickweed, Mouseear (Cerastium vulgatum)
Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
Cinquefoil, Oldfield (Potentilla simplex)
Cinquefoil, Sulfur (Potentilla recta)
Clover, Japanese (See Lespedeza, Common)
Clover, Large Hop (Trifolium campestre)
Clover, Rabbitfoot (Trifolium avense)
Clover, Red (Trifolium pretense)
Clover, Small Hop / Low Hop Clover (Trifolium dubium)
Clover, White (Trifolium repens)
Coat Buttons / Mexican Daisy (Tridax procumbens)
Compass Plant (See Lettuce, Prickly)
Creeping Indigo (Indigofera spicata)
Creeping Jenny (See Bindweed, Field)
Creeping Oxeye (See Wedelia)
Cudweed (Gnaphalium, Pseudognaphalium, and Gamochaeta spp.)
Cupid’s-Shaving-Brush / Tasselflower (Emilia fosbergii)

Daisy, English (Bellis perennis)
Daisy, Oxeye (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Dandelion, Carolina False (Pyrrhopappus carolinianus)
Dandelion, Dwarf (Krigia spp.)
Dandelion, False (See Catsear, Common)
Deadnettle, Purple / Red Deadnettle (Lamium pupureum)
Dichondra (Dichondra repens)
Dock, Curly (Rumex crispus)
Dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium)
Dollarweed / Pennywort (Hydrocotyle spp.)

Eclipta (Eclipta prostrate)
Eveningprimrose, Common (Oenothera biennis)
Eveningprimrose, Cutleaf (Oenothera laciniata)
Eveningprimrose, Showy (Oenothera speciosa)

Facelis / Annual Trampweed (Facelis retusa)
Field Madder (Sherardia arvensis)
Filaree (Erodium spp.)
Fleabane, Annual, Daisy or Rough (Erigeron spp.)
Flower-of-an-Hour (See Mallow, Venice)

Garlic, Wild (Allium vineale)
Geranium, Carolina (Geranium carolinianum)
Geranium, Cutleaf (Geranium dissectum)
German Moss (See Knawel)
Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)
Groundsel, Common / Ragwort (Senecio vulgaris)

Hawkweed, Yellow or Orange (Hieracium pretense)
Hawkweed, Mouseear (Hieracium pilosella)
Healall (Prunella vulgaris)
Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule)
Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
Horseweed / Marestail (Conyza canadensis)

Jamaica Feverplant (See Puncturevine)
Johnny-Jump-Up (See Violet, Field)

Khakiweed / Matt Chafflower (Alternanthera pungens)
Knapweed, Spotted / Star Thistle (Centaurea maculosa)
Knawel / German Moss (Scleranthus annuus)
Knotweed, Prostrate (Polygonum aviculare)

Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)
Lespedeza, Common / Annual Lespedeza / Japanese Clover (Lespedeza
striata)
Lespedeza, Sericea (Lespedeza cuneata)
Lettuce, Prickly / Compass Plant (Lactuca serriola)
Lettuce, Tall / Wild Lettuce / Canada Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis)

Mallow, Bristly (Modiola caroliniana)
Mallow, Common (Malva neglecta)
Mallow, Little / Cheeseweed (Malva parviflora)
Mallow, Venice / Flower-of-an-Hour (Hibiscus trionum)
Marcela (Alternanthera flavescens)
Marestail (See Horseweed)
Matchweed / Mat Lippia (Phyla nodiflora)
Matt Chafflower (See Khakiweed)
Mexican Daisy (See Coat Buttons)
Mimosa Vine / Sensitive Vine (Mimosa strigillosa)
Morningglory (See Bindweed, Field)
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)
Mullien, Common (Verbascum thapsus)

Neckweed (See Speedwell, Purslane)

Old World Diamond-flower (Hedyotis corymbosa)
Oxalis (See Woodsorrel, Yellow)

Pansy, Field / Wild Pansy (See Violet)
Parsley-Piert (Alchemilla microcarpa)
Pearlwort, Birdseye (Sagina procumbens)
Pencil-flower, Southern (Stylosanthes hamata)
Pennsylvania Smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum)
Pennycress, Field (Thlaspi arvense)
Pennywort (See Dollarweed)
Pepperweed, Virginia / Peppergrass (Lepidium virginicum)
Pigweed, Redroot (Amaranthus retroflexus)
Pigweed, Smooth / Common Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus)
Pimpernel, Scarlet (Anagallis arvensis)
Pineapple-Weed (Matricaria matricarioides)
Pinnate Tansymustard (Descurainia pinnata)
Plantain, Blackseed (Plantago rugelii)
Plantain, Bracted (Plantago aristata)
Plantain, Broadleaf (Plantago major)
Plantain, Buckhorn (Plantago lanceolata)
Plantain, Paleseed / Southern Plantain / Hoary Plantain (Plantago virginica)
Poorjoe (See Buttonweed, Common)
Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris)
Punctureweed / Jamaica Feverplant / Burnut (Tribulus cistoides)
Purslane, Common (Portulaca oleracea)
Purslane, Pink (Portulaca pilosa)
Pusley, Brazil (Richardia brasiliensis)
Pusley, Florida (Richardia scabra)
Pusley, Largeflower (Richardia grandiflora)

Queen Anne’s Lace (See Carrot, Wild)

Ragweed, Common (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
Ragwort (See Groundsel, Common)
Rattlesnake Weed (See Betony, Florida)
Red Spiderling (Boerhavia diffusa)

Sensitive Vine (See Mimosa Vine)
Shepard’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)
Sida, Prickly / Teaweed (Sida spinosa)
Sida, Arrowleaf (Sida rhombifolia)
Soliva (See Burweed, Lawn)
Sorrel, Red / Sheep Sorrel / Field Sorrel (Rumex acetosella)
Sowthistle, Spiny (Sonchus asper)
Speedwell, Corn (Veronica arvensis)
Speedwell, Ivyleaf (Veronica hederifolia)
Speedwell, Persian / Veronica Speedwell (Veronica persica)
Speedwell, Purslane / Neckweed (Veronica peregrina)
Speedwell, Thymeleaf (Veronica serphyllifolia)
Spurge, Creeping (Chamaesyce serpens)
Spurge, Hyssop (Chamaesyce hyssopifolia)
Spurge, Roundleaf (Chamaesyce cordifolia)
Spurge, Spotted / Prostrate Spurge (Chamaesyce maculate)
Spurweed (See Burweed, Lawn)
Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
Strawberry, Indian Mock (Duchesnea indica)
Strawberry, Wild (Fragaria virginiana)
Sweetclover, White (Melilotus alba)
Sweetclover, Yellow (Melilotus officinalis)
Swinecress (Coronopus didymus)

Tasselflower (See Cupid’s-Shaving-Brush)
Teaweed (See Sida, Prickly)
Thistle, Bull (Cirsium vulgare)
Thistle, Canada (Cirsium arvense)
Thistle, Star (See Knapweed, Spotted)
Thistle, Yellow / Horrible Thistle (Cirsium horridulum)
Toadflax, Oldfield (Nuttallanthus canadensis)
Trampweed, Annual (See Facelis)

Venus Looking-Glass, Common (Triodanis perfoliata)
Vetch, Common (Vicia sativa)
Vetch, Hairy (Vicia villosa)
Violet, Common Blue (Viola papilionacea)
Violet, Field / Wild Pansy / Field Pansy / Johnny-Jump-Up (Viola arvensis)

Wedelia / Creeping Oxeye (Wedelia trilobata)
Whitehead Broom (Spermacoce verticillata)
Woodsorrel, Creeping (Oxalis corniculata)
Woodsorrel, Cuban Purple (Oxalis intermedia)
Woodsorrel, Yellow / Oxalis (Oxalis stricta)

Yarrow, Common (Achillea millefolium)
Yellow Rocket (Barbarea vulgaris)

Grassy Weed List A-Z

Barley, Foxtail / Squirrel Tail (Hordeum jubatum)
Barley, Little (Hordeum pusillum)
Barley, Wild (Hordeum leporinum)
Barley, Hare (Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum)
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Brome, Downy / Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum)
Brome, Ripgut (Bromus diandrus)
Brome, Soft (Bromus hordeaceus)
Bromegrass, Smooth (Bromus inermis)
Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus)
 
Carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis)
Cogongrass / Japgrass (Imperata cylindrical)
Coral Dropseed (Sporobolus domingensis)
Crabgrass, Blanket / Dwarf Crabgrass (Digitaria serotina)
Crabgrass, India / Indian Crabgrass (Digitaria longiflora)
Crabgrass, Large / Hairy Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)
Crabgrass, Smooth (Digitaria ischaemum)
Crabgrass, Southern (Digitaria ciliaris)
Crowfootgrass / Egyptian Grass (Dactyloctenium aegyptium)
Cupgrass, Prairie (Eriochloa contracta)
Cupgrass, Southwestern (Eriochloa acuminate)

Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum)
Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora)

Fingergrass, Rock / Pinewoods Fingergrass (Eustachys petraea)
Foxtail, Giant (Setaria faberi)
Foxtail, Green (Setaria viridis)
Foxtail, Yellow (Setaria glauca)

Goosegrass / Crowfoot / Silver Crabgrass (Eleusine indica)

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)
Jungle Rice (Echinochloa colona)

Lovegrass (Eragrostis spp.)

Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi)

Oat, Wild (Avena fatua)
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)

Panicum, Broadleaf / Tropic Panicum / Dominican Panicum (Panicum
adspersum)
Panicum, Fall (Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Paspalum, Thin / Bull Paspalum (Paspalum setaceum)

Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens)

Sandbur, Field (Cenchrus incertus)
Sandbur, Longspine (Cenchrus longispinus)
Sandbur, Southern (Cenchrus echinatus)
Signalgrass, Broadleaf (Brachiaria platyphylla)
Signalgrass, Creeping / Alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea)
Smutgrass (Sporobolus poiretti)
Sprangletop (Leptochloa spp.)
Sprangletop, Bearded (Leptochloa fascicularis)
Stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis)

Timothy (Phleum pretense)
Torpedograss (Panicum repens)

Velvetgrass, Common (Holcus lanatus)
Velvetgrass, German / Creeping Velvetgrass (Holcus mollis)
Vernalgrass, Sweet (Anthoxanthum odoratum)

Witchgrass (Panicum capillare)

Sedges

Kyllinga, Green (Kyllinga brevifolia)

Nutsedge, False / Straw-Colored Flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus)
Nutsedge, Purple (Cyperus rotundus)
Nutsedge, Yellow (Cyperus esculentus)

Sedge, Annual (Cyperus compressus)
Sedge, Cylindric (Cyperus retrorsus)
Sedge, Globe (Cyperus globulosus)
Sedge, Texas (Cyperus polystachyos)

University Publications:
Weed Control Training Manual - University of Arkansas
2010 Turfgrass Weed Control for Professionals - University of Arkansas
Weed Photo Gallery - University of California
Integrated Weed Management - University of California
Sensitivity of Turf Species to Herbicides - University of California
Susceptibility of Weeds to Herbicide Control - University of California
Herbicide Treatment Table - University of California
Controlling Winter Weeds on Bermudagrass Athletic Fields - University of Kentucky
Athletic Weed Control Calendar - Louisiana State University
Perennial Grass Weeds and Their Control in Cool Season Turf - University of Maryland
2009 New England Guide to Weed Control in Turfgrass - University of Massachusetts
Weed Control in Lawns and Other Turf - University of Minnesota
IPM - Turfgrass and Weeds - University of Missouri
Turf Weed Control - University of Missouri
Guide for Weed Management in Nebraska - University of Nebraska
Control of Summer Annual Grass Weeds in Turfgrasses - Penn State University
Broadleaf Weed Control in Cool Season Turfgrasses - Rutgers University
Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control in Cool Season Turfgrass - Rutgers University
2005 Weed Management Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers - University of Tennessee